v. abr

von; vor - from, by; before

V. abr

Vers - vers

va. abr

VAAEK abbr

Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für das Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen in der evangelischen Kirche. Neustadt

VAB abbr

Vorderasiatische Bibliothek. Leipzig

vage adj

vague; numbilous; uncertain

Vagheit  f

 vagueness

Vakuum  n

 vacuum

Valenz f (-en)

valency

Validität  f

 validität

vandalisch adj

vandalistic, vandalish, vandal(ic)

Vandalismus m

vandalism

vanitas

Lat: vanity; v. vanitatum - vanity of vanities, everything is vanity

Vansdale m (-n)

Vandal; vandal

var. abr

Variable  f

 variable

Variante f (-n)

variant; version; variation

Variation f (-en)

variation; Mus: paraphrase

Varietät  f

 variety

variieren  vr

to vary; to fluctuate; to diversify; to range

var.lect. abr

Vasall m (-en)

vassal; liegeman; retainer, vassal; follower

Vase f (-n)

pot; vase

Vasenbild n (-er)

scene or picture on a vase

Vasenfragment n (-e)

potsherd, shard; fragment (of a vase)

Vat. abr

VAT abbr

Vorderasiatische Abteilung Tontafel. Vorderasiatisches Museum. Berlin

Vater m (-")

father; (fig) father, author, originator; patre; the Father (God); the Holy Father; forefather, forebearer, ancestor

Vaterfigur  f

 father figure

Vaterhaus n

parental home, father's household

Vaterland n

native country or land, mother country, fatherland

vaterländisch  adj, adv

patriotic; national; v. Gesinnung - patriotismus

Vaterlandsliebe  f

 love of one´s country

Vaterlandsverräter  m (-)

 traiter to one´s country

väterlich adj, adv

paternal, fatherly, of one's father(s); like a father, in a fatherly way

vaterlos  adj

 fatherless

Vatermord  m

 patricide

Vater-Sohn-Konflikt  m

 father-son-conflict

Vaterstadt f

native town, hometown

Vaterunser n (-)

Lord's Prayer, the Our Father; paternoster, Pater Noster; ein V. beten - to say the Lord's Prayer

Vat.II abbr

  Vaticanum II. Hilversum

Vatikan m

Vatican

vatikanisch adj

papel; curial

Vatikanstadt f

Vatican City

Vatikanum n

Vatican Council

vbd. abr

Vbd. abr

vbdl. abr

VC abbr

Vigiliae Christianae. Review of Early Christian Life and Language. Amsterdam

v.C.G. abr

v. Chr. abr

vor Christus - B.C.; vor Christi Geburt

v.Chr.G. abr

v.d, abr

v.d.Z. abr

v.d.Ztr. abr

v.d.Ztw. abr

v.d.Zw. abr

Veda  m

 veda

Vedantaphilosophie  f

 vedanta philosophy

Veganismus  m

veganism 

Veitstanz m

St. Vitu's dance; (fig) (make) a terrible fuss

Velin n

vellum, vellum paper

VELKD abr

Vemrecht  m

 vehmic law

Ventil n (-e)

pallet, valve (organ)

ver. abr

Ver. abr

verabreden vr

to agree (on); to arrange, appoint; to decide to do; (refl) to make an appointment (with someone)

verabscheuen  vr

to detest, abhor; to hate, abominate

verabscheuenswert adj

detestable; hateful; abominable; vile

verabschieden vr

to say goodbye; discharge, to retire; (refl) sich v. von - to say goodbye to, to take one's leave of

verabsolutieren  vr

 to absolutize, make absolute

Verabsolutierung  f

 absolutization, making absolute

verachten  vr

to reject; to despise; to condemn; to scorn; to look down upon

Verächter m (-)

scorner, despiser

verächtlich adj

disdainful; contemptuous; contemptible; scornful

Verachtung f

contempt; disdain; scorn

veracitas

Lat: truthfulness; v. Dei - the truthfulness of God

verallgemeinern  vr

to generalize

Verallgemeinerung f (-en)

 generalization

veralt. abr

veralten vi

to grow old; to go out of use; to become obsolete

veränd. abr

verändern  vr

to change, alter; to vary; to modify; to transform; to take another position or situation

Veränderung f (-en)

variation, alteration; change; transformation; modification

Veranlagung  f (-en)

tendency; nature; disposition; talent; gifts

veranlassen  vr

to cause; to make; to give rise (to); to bring about; to call forth; to effect; to arrange

Veranlassung f 

cause; occasion; reason; motive

Veranschaulichung f

visualization

veranstalten vr

to organize; to arrange

verantworten vr

to answer, account for; to be responsible for; to defend; to vindicate; (refl) to justify oneself, or one's action; to vindicate oneself

verantwortlich  adj

responsible, answerable (for); accounta­ble; liable; changeable

Verantwortliche f, m (-n)

responsible person, responsible; principalities; rulers, authorities; powers

Verantwortlichkeit f

responsibility

Verantwortung f (-en)

responsibility; justification; zur V. ziehen - to call to account

Verantwortungsbewußtsein n

sense of responsibility

Verantwortungsethik f

ethics of responsibility

verarmen vi

to become poor or impoverished to be reduced to poverty

Verarmung f (-en)

impoverishment; pauperization

Verästelung f

branching, bifurcation

veratw. abr

Veräußerlichung f

exteriorization

verb. abr

Verb. abr

Verbalisierung f

verbalization

Verband m (-"e)

association; group; division (within an organization)

Verbannte  f, m (-n)

exile; expatriate; outlaw

Verbannung f

 banishment, exile; expulsion; deportation

Verbdg. abr

verbergen vi

to hide, conceal, cover up; to bury; to veil, cloak, obscure, mask; to harbor

Verbergung  f

concealment; cover, shelter; hiding; harboring; cover up; V. des Seins - consealment of Being (Heidegger)

Verbesserer m (-)

improver; reformer; corrector

verbessern  vr

to improve; to rectify; to correct; to revise; to reform

verbieten vi

to forbid; to prohibit

Verbildlichung f (-en)

depiction; illustration

verbinden vi

to tie together, bind; to link, join; to connect; to unite; to oblige; to associate (with); to blend (colors, forms, etc.)

verbindlich adj

binding, obligatory; obli­ging; compulsory

Verbindlichkeit f (-en)

obligation, liability; commitment, reliability

Verbindung f (-en)

connection; relationship; union; contact; bond(s); combina­tion; com­position; correla­tion; association; alliance; blen­ding; in V. mit - in conjunction with; in connection with

Verbindungsbau m (-ten)

connecting structure or building

verbittern vr

to embitter; to be embittered; to be discontented; to grow bitter

Verbitterung  f

 embitterment; bitterness (of heart)

verbleiben vi

to stay, remain; to be left (over); v. Zeit - the rest of his time

verblenden vr

to blind; to delude; to dazzle; to mask; to beguile to blind; to delude

Verblendung  f

 delusion

verborgen pp, adj

hidden, concealed; covered up; buried; veiled, obscured, masked; harbored

Verborgenheit  f

secrecy; seclusion; obscurity; concealment; hiddenness; V. des Seins - consealment or hiddenness of Being (Heidegger)

Verborgenheit n

consealment; V. des Seins - consealment of Being (Heidegger)

Verborgensein n

being hidden or consealed; hiddenness; V. des Grundes - hiddenness of the ground (Jaspers)

Verbot n (-e)

prohibition; ban (on); suppression

Verbotene n

the forbidden

Verbr. abr

verbrauchen  vr

 to spend, consume; to wear out; to waste

Verbraucher m (-)

consumer, user

verbrechen vi

ein V. begehen - to commit or perpetrate a crime

Verbrechen n (-)

major offense, crime, felony; V. gegen die Menschlichkeit - crime against humanity; V, ohne Opfer - victimless crime

Verbrecher m (-)

felon, criminal

verbreiten  vr

to spread; to propagate; to diffuse; to disseminate; to distribute; to disperse; to circulate

verbrennen vi

to burn (down); to scorch; to cremate (the dead)

verbringen vi

to pass; to spend; to transfer (nach - to)

verbum

Lat:  word; v. Dei - Word of God; v. est principium primum - the word is the first priciple; v. internum - internal Word; v. mentis - word of the mind (idea, concept, etc); v. visibile - visible word

verbürgen vr

to warrant; to guarantee; (refl) to vouch for

Verdacht m

suspicion

verdächtig  adj

suspicious; suspected; questionable; doubtful

Verdächtigung f (-en)

suspicion

verdammen  vr

to condemn; to curse, damn; to reprobate

verdammenswert adj

 condemnable, damnable; abominable; heinous

Verdammnis  f

damnation; perdition; condemnation

verdammt pp, adj

cursed; blasted; damned, condemned

Verdammte f, m (-n)

damned, castaway, reprobate

Verdammung f

condemnation, damnation, reprobation; ewige V. - eternal damnation

verdanken  vr

to owe to; to be indebted to

verdecken  vr

to cover; to hide, conceal; to mask, camouflage; to screen; to veil

Verderb m

ruin, destruction; decay, spoilage, corruption, debasement, depravation; vitiation

verderben vi

to spoil; ruin; to wreck; to corrupt; to demoralize, to debase; to deprave; to vitiate

Verderben  

corruption; destruction; ruin; perdition

Verderber m (-)

depraver; corrupter; destroyer

verderblich adj

corruptible; perishable; ruinous;destructive; injurious; fatal

Verderbnis f

corruption; decay; destruction; depravity; perversion

Verderbtheit f

corruption; depravity; vice

verdeutlichen  vr

to make clear; to explain, elucidate; to illus­trate; to make evident

verdeutschen vr

to germanize; to translate into German; das ist v. - which means (in understanding German)

Verdichtung f

condensation

verdienen  vr

to earn; to gain, win, get; to deserve; to merit

Verdienst m (-e)

earnings; wages; merit; gain, profit

Verdienstadel m

life peerage

Verdienstethik f

meritocratic ethics

verdiktiv adj

verdictive

verdinglichendes Denken m

Phil: reifying thinking or thought

Verdinglichung f

reification, objectification

verdolmetschen vr

to interpret; to explain; to translate

verdoppeln  vr

to double, duplicate

Verdopplung f

doubling, duplication

verdorben adj

corrupt; spoiled; bad; rotten

Verdorbenheit f

corruption; corruptness; depravity; viciousness

verdorren vr

to dry up, wither

verdrängt p p, adj

displaced; put aside; repressed, supressed

Verdrängung f

removal; displacement; ouster (from); dispossession; suppression, repression; inhibition

verdrehen  vr

to twist; to distort; to misrepresent; to pervert; to sprain

verdrießen  vi

to grieve; to vex, annoy; to displease

verdrossen pp, adj

cross, vexed, annoyed; sulky, sullen

verdrucken  vr

to misprint; to reprint

Verdruß m

dismay; discontent; irritation, displeasure, annoyance

verdunkeln vr

to darken, black out; to grow dim; to obscure, cloud, to eclipse

verdünnen vr

to thin (down), dilute; to taper off; to weaken

Veredelung  f

 refinement

verehren  vr

to adore; to revere; to reverence, vene­rate, worship; to admire; to honor; to respect

Verehren n

worhip(ping); veneration; adoration; admiration

verehrend pr p 

worshipin; adoring; honoring

Verehrung f

respect; veneration; reverence; devotion; worship; adoration

Verehrungskult  m

 cult of adoration

Verein m (-e)

association; society; club; union; alliance; syndicate

vereinbar  adj

compatible, reconcilable; consistent (with)

Vereinbarkeit  f

compatibility 

vereinen  vr

to unite; to combine; to join (together); to merge; to associate; to consolidate; to fuse, blend; to mate

vereinf. abr

vereinfachen vr

to simplify; to reduce

Vereinfachung  f

 simplification

vereinheitlichen  vr

 to standardize; to integrate

Vereinheitlichung  f

 standardization; integration

vereinigen  vr

to unite; to link; to merge, blend; to combine; to relate; to rally, bring together

Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika f

(the) United States of America

Vereinigung f (-en)

unification; union, consolidation; merger; blending; linking; meeting; assembly; federation; intercourse

vereinsamen  vr

 to isolate; to be or to become lonely or isolated

Vereinsamung f 

 isolation; loneliness

vereinzeln vr

to isolate; to separate

vereiteln vr

to foil, thwart; to frustrate; to defeat

verelenden  vr

 to sink into poverty

Verelendung  f

impoverishment; pauperization; immiseration 

vererben vr

to leave or will (to); to hand down; (refl) to be hereditary

Vererbung f

inheritance (von - of); heredity; transmission; das ist V. - it runs in the (family, etc)

Vererbungslehre  f

 genetics

Vererbungstheorie  f

 genetics

verewigen  vr, refl

 to immortalize; to perpetuate; to preserve for posterity; (refl) leave one's mark

Verewigung  f

 immortalization; perpetuation; preservation for posterity

Verf. abr

Author, Verfasser - author

verf. abr

verfahren vi

to proceed; to deal, act; to blunder; to be on the wrong track

Verfahren n (-)

method; procedure, process, technique, system; treatment; actions

Verfahrensweise  f

 mode of procedure; method of proceeding, procedure; modus operandi

Verfahrungsfrage  f (-n)

 matter or question of procedure; procedual question or matter

Verfall m

decay, deterioration; decadence; decline, fall, downfall; ruin

verfallen vi

to decline; to come or go to ruin; to decay; to expire

Verfallenheit  f

 fallenness (Heidegger)

Verfallserscheinung  f

 symptom of decay or decline

verfälschen  vr

to forge; to falsify; to adulterate; to debase; to counterfeit

Verfälschung f (-en)

forgery, falsification; counterfeit;

verfangen  vi

to have an effect (bei - on); to work (bei - with, on); (refl) to get caught in

verfassen  vr

to compose; write, pen

Verfasser m (-)

author, writer; composer

Verfassung f (-en)

state, condition; frame of mind, disposi­tion; shape; con­stitu­tion; geistige V. - state of mind; staatliche V. - constitution

verfaulen vr

to rot, decay, decompose

verfehlen  vr

to fail (to do); to miss; to trespass (against); to offend

Verfehlung f (-en)

transgression; failing; offense; lapse; sin, trespass; mistake

verfeinern  vr

to refine; to improve

verfinstern vr

to darken to obscure; to eclipse; (refl) to grow dark

Verflächigung f (-en)

flattening

verfluchen vr

to curse, to damn; to execrate

Verfluchung f

curse; malediction; anathema

verfolgen  vr

to persecute; to follow; to pursue; to chase, hunt; to tail, shadow

Verfolger m (-)

pursuer; persecutor

Verfolgung  f

pursuit, chase; persecution; prosecution; pursuance; continuation

Verfolgungswahn m

persecution complex or mania

verformbar  adj

shapeable, moldable

verfremden vr

to distance or make something (appear or feel)  unfamiliar (to someone)

Verfremdung f

alienation; distancing

Verfremdungseffekt m

alienation or distancing effect; estrangement effect

verfügbar  adj

available or ready (to be used) 

Verfügbarkeit  f

 availability

verfügen  vr

to decree; to order; to enact; v. über - to have, have at one's disposal, make use of ; to have command of, control

Verfügung f (-en)

instruction; order; decree; disposition; possession (of); zur V. stehen - to be available

Verfügungsgewalt  f

 power of disposition

verführen  vr

to tempt; to mislead, lead astray; to entice, allure; to ensnare; to seduce; Mus: to conveyance

Verführer m (-)

tempter; seducer

Verführerin f

seductress

verführerisch adj, adv

tempting(ly); seductive(ly), fascinating; alluring

Verführung f

temptation; seduction; subornation; enticement; V der Sprache - seduction of (the) language

Verführungskunst f (-e)

art of deception

Verg. abr

vergangen pp, adj

past, gone, bygone; last

Vergangenheit f

past; past tense; history

Vergangenheitsbewältigung  f

 coming to terms with the past, overcoming the past; coping with the past

vergänglich adj

fleeting, passing; transient, transitory; perishable

Vergänglichkeit f

impermanence; perishableness; instability; transience, transitoriness; V. des Daseins - transience or transitoriness of (our) existence

vergeben vi

to forgive, pardon; to give away, dispose of

vergebens  adj, adv

in vain, to no avail or purpose; vainly

vergeblich adj

vain, idle, fruitless, futile; sich (dat) v. Mühe machen - to go to a lot of trouble for nothing

Vergebung f

forgiveness, pardon, remission; V. der Sünden - forgiveness or remission of sins

vergegenständlichen vi

to objectify; to reify; to hypostatize or hypostasize

Vergegenständlichung  f

objectification, reification

vergegenwärtigen  vr

to bring to mind; to imagine, visualize; to bear in mind; to represent, figure;

Vergegenwärtigung f

realization, visualization; re-presentation; recall

vergehen vi

to pass, elapse; to disap­pear; to stop, cease; to waste away; to fade; to perish, die (vor - of); (refl) to offend; to err; to transgress

Vergehen n

the passind away; disappearance; offense; fault; transgression sin

vergeistigen vr

to spiritualize

Vergeistigung f

spiritualization

vergelten vi

to retaliate; to requite, to return, repay, pay back; to reward; to recompense

Vergelter m (-)

revenger; recompenser, remunerator

Vergeltung f

requital; return; reward, recompense (for good deeds, etc); retaliation; reprisal; retribution

Vergeltungsangriff  m (-e)

 retaliation-attack, retaliatory attack

Vergeltungsgerechtigkeit f

retributive or retaliatory justice

Vergeltungsmaßnahme f (-n)

retaliatory measure

Vergeltungstag m

day of retribution, day of judgment

vergessen vi

to forget; to overlook; to neglect

vergeßlich adj

forgetful; easily forgotten; oblivious

Vergeßlichkeit f

forgetfulness; negligence

vergeuden vr

to squander, waste; to misspend

Vergeudung f

squandering, waste, wastefulness; extravagance

vergewaltigen vr

to rape; to violate

Vergewaltigung f

rape; assault; violation

vergießen vi

to spill, shed; to pour out

vergl. abr

vergleiche - cp, compare; vergleichen; verglichen

Vergleich m (-e)

comparison; simile; arrangement; compromise; settlement

vergleichbar adj, adv

comparable; comparably

vergleichen vi

to compare (to,with); to contrast; to check; to settle; to reconcile; to come to terms or an agreement

glauben

vergleichend pr p, adj

comparative (linguistcs, literature, ethics, etc); v. Religionswissenschaft - comparative religion

Vergleichsarie f (-n)

metaphor aria; parable aria

Vergleichsebene f

level of comparison

Vergleichskriterium n (-rien)

comparison test; criterion of comparison

Vergleichsmaßstab m

standard of comparison

Vergnügen n

enjoyment; pleasure; fun

vergolden vr

to gild, gold, gold-plate; (fig) to guild, brighten up, enhance

vergoldet p p, adj

gilt, gilded, gold-plated; (fig) enhanced

Vergoldung f (-en)

gilt, gilding, gold-plating, gold coating

vergotten vr

to deify

vergöttern  vr

to deify, to idolize; to worship; to adore

Vergötterung f

deification

vergöttlichen vr

to deify

Vergöttlichung f

apotheosis; deification

Vergottung f

apotheosis

vergr. abr

vergraben vi

to bury; to hide; to hide oneself, to bury oneself (in books, work, etc.)

vergreifen vi

to make a mistake; (refl) v. an - to embezzle; to lay hands upon (someone)

vergrößern  vr

to enlarge; to augment

Vergrößerung f (-en)

enlargement; augmentation

Vergrößerungskanon m (-s)

canon by augmentation

verhaften vr

to apprehend, arrest

Verhaftetsein n

being bound

Verhahensrichtung f

righteous conduct

verhallend pr p

dying away, perdendosi

verhalten vi

to retain, withhold; to suppress; (v. refl.) to be (so); to behave, conduct; act; es v. sich (mit) - it is, the situation is, things are

Verhalten n

conduct; behavior; reaction

Verhaltenheit f

comportment (Heidegger)

Verhältnis n  (-se)

relationship; relation, proportion, rate; ratio; situation, condition; pl: circum­stance­s; (love) affair; V. von Teil und Ganzem - part-whole relation; V. von Theorie und Praxis - relation of theory and praxis or practice; V. zwischen Denken und Sein - relation of thought snd being

verhältnismäßig adj

proportionately; proportionally; relatively; com­paratively; in proportion

Verhältnismäßigkeit f

appropriateness; proportionality; relativeness

verhandeln vr

to negotiate, bargain (über wegen - on, about, for); to confer (on, about); to sell; to debate

Verhandeln n

negotiating; bargaining; debating

verhängen vr

to cover (with); to inflict; to impose; to award

Verhängnis n (-se)

doom; misfortune, calamity; fate; destiny

verharren vr

to remain, abide; to continue; to persevere

verhärten vr

to harden; to make hard; to grow hard; to become obdurate

verhaßt adj

hated; detested; hateful

verheeren vr

to ravage; to devastate; to lay waste

verheerend adj, adv

disastrous; awful, dreadful

Verheerung f (-en)

devastation; havoc

verhehlen vr

to conceal, hide; to conceal (from someone)

verheimlichen vr

to conceal, hide,; to keep something secret, (vor - from)

verheiraten vr

to marry; to give in marriage; to perform the marriage ceremony; (refl) to marry, get married

Verheiratung f

marriage

verheißen vi, p p, adj

to promise; promised

Verheißung f (-en)

promise; das Land der V. - the promised land

verhelfen vi

to help to achieve; zum Recht v. - to vindicate

verherrlichen vr

to glorify, extol, exalt

Verherrlichung f

glorification

verhindern vr

to hinder, prevent; to impede; to keep from

verhöhnen vr

to mock, deride, scoff, defy

verhören vr

to question, interrogate; examine (an accused person); (refl) to hear wrongly, misunderstand (someone's words)

verhüllen vr

to cover, veil; to disguise

verhüten vr

to prevent; to preserve (from), protect; to avoid

Verifikation f

verification

verifizierbar adj

verifiable

Verifizierbarkeitskriterium n

verifiability criterion, criterion of verifiability

verifizierend pr p, adj

verifying, verificatory; (Begründung - justification, etc)

Verinnerlichung f

introjection; internalization

verirren  

(refl) to go astray, lose one's way; wander away

Verirrung f (-en)

aberration

Verismus m

verism, verismo

verjargen vr

to chase (someone or something) away

verk. abr

Verkauf m (-"e)

 selling; sale

verkaufen vr

to sell

Verkäufer m (-)

seller; vendor

Verkehr m

traffic, transportation, trade; dealings; relationship, interaction

verkehren  vr

to associate; to deal with; to commune; to run, operate

verkehrt pp, adj, adv

perverse; absurd; the wrong direction or way; reversed; inverted; wrong(ly); v. Welt - inverted world (Hegel); v. Bewußtsein - inverted consciousness

Verkehrtheit f

perversity; absurdity; folly

verkennen vi

to mistake; to misjudge; to underestimate; to fail to recog­nize; to misunder­stand; to fail to appre­ciate

verketten vr, refl

to chain; to interlink; to sequence; (refl) to become chained, interlinked

verkettet p p, adj

chained, concatenated; interlinked

Verkettung f (-en)

chain; sequence; interlink

verketzern vt

to accuse of heresy, to slander; denounce

Verketzerung f

charge of heresy, slander, abuse

verkirchlichen vr

to bring under ecclesiastical control

Verkl. abr

verklagen  vr

to accuse; to sue

Verkläger m (-)

accuser

verklären  vr

to transfigure; to glorify; to illuminate

verklärt  p p, adj

transfigured; ecstatic (face, etc)

Verklärung f (-en)

transfiguration; glorifica­tion; ecstasy; radiance

Verklärung Christi f (-)

transfiguration; the Transfiguration (of Christ)

verkleiden vr

to dress up, disguise; to (en)case, cover

verkleinern vr

to diminute, make smaller; to reduce; to narrow (down); to scale down; to depreciate, belittle, disparage

Verkleinerung f (-en)

reduction; belittlement, depreciation; disparagement; Mus: diminution

Verkleinerungskanon m (-s)

canon by diminution

verklingen lassen  

let vibrate, don't dampen

verknüpfen vr

to knot, tie or bind (together), to join; to link, connect, attach to; to combine; to unite, to involve

verkommen vi

to degenerate (zu - into); to go bad; to become run down, fall into disrepair, become dilapidated; (p p, adj) depraved

Verkommenheit f

depravity

Verkörperlichung f

incarnation

verkörpern  vr

to embody, personify; to play; to impersonate; to incarnate; to materialize

verkörpert p p, adj

embodied; v. Geist - embodied mind

Verkörperung f (-en)

embodiment, incarnation; personification; impersonation; personification

verkriechen vi

to crawl away; to sneak off; to hide oneself

Verkrümmen n

warping

verkrüppeln vr

to deform, cripple; to become crippled

Verkrüppelte f, m (-n)

cripple, crippled person

verkümmert  p p, adj

atrophied; stunted; disturbed; deprived; diminished; neglected

verkünden  vr

to announce, make known; to preach, proclaim; to pronounce

Verkünder m (-)

proclaimer, herald; preacher; prophet; announcer

verkündigen  vr

to preach, proclaim; to announce, make known; to pronounce

Verkündiger m (-)

preacher; prophet; herald; proclaimer

Verkündigung f (-en)

proclamation; announcement; pronounce­ment; the word of God; preaching (of the Gospel); annunciation; publi­cation; prediction, prophecy; Maria V. - Lady Day; Annunciation Day

Verkündigungsengel m

angel of the Annunciation

verkürzen  vr

to shorten; to reduce, curtail; to cut; to lessen; to contract; to abbreviate; to diminish

Verkürzung f (-en)

abbreviation; shortening; diminution; reduction (of note values)

Verl. abr

verlachen vr

to laugh at; to deride

Verlag m (-)

publishing house; publication

verlagern  vr

to shift, move

Verlagerung f (-en)

moving; shift; fig: shift (in emphasis)

verlangen  vr

to demand, ask for, require; to desire; to crave; v. nach - to call for, require

Verlangen n

longing, desire, craving; demand; auf V. - on request

verlängern vt

to lengthen, to make longer, to extend, to prolong

Verlängerung f (-en)

extension; lengthening

Verlangsamung f

retardation

verlassen vi, p p, adj

to leave, desert, abandon, or quit; to relinquish; to give up; to forsake; to leave behind; (refl) to rely or, depend (auf - on, upon); (p p, adj) lonely; forsaken, abandoned, deserted

Verlassenheit f

solitude, isolation, loneliness, abandonment; desolation, bleakness

verlästern vr

to slander, defame, malign

verläßlich adj

dependable, reliable; trustworthy

Verlauf m (-"e)

course; development; progress; im V. der Zeit - in the course of time

verlaufen  vi

 to run; to pass, go; to develop, proceed; to disperse, scatter; (refl) to disappear; to get lost; to flow off

Verlegenheit f

embarrassment, difficulty, predicament

verleihen vi

to lend (out), loan; to impart; to bestow, grant, confer;

Verleihung f

bestowal, grant, award; lending out

verleiten vr

to mislead; to lure; to tempt; to seduce; to induce

verletzen vr

to hurt; to wound; to injure; to violate; to offend

Verletzung f (-en)

hurt; injury; wound; damage; violation

verleugnen  vr

to deny; to disclaim; to renounce; to disown; to say or act against; (refl) to betray one´s (feelings, principles, etc)

Verleugnung f

renunciation; denial; disavowal

verleumden  vr

to slander, defame; to accuse wrongfully

Verleumder m (-)

slanderer; backbiter

verleumderisch adj

slanderous, defamatory, libelous

Verleumdung f (-en)

slander, defamation, libel; malicious talk

verlieren vi

to lose; to fade away; to waste (time); to disappear

verloben vr

to betroth (to); to be engaged to; (refl) to become engaged (to)

Verlöbnis n (-se)

engagement

Verlobte f, m (-n)

fiance, fiancee 

Verlobung f (-en)

engagement

verlocken vr

to entice; to mislead; to tempt; to seduce

verlogen adj

untruthful

Verlogenheit f

mendacity; insincerity; falseness

verloren pp, adj

lost; forlorn

verlorengehen vi sep

to be lost; to get lost; to perish

verlöschen vr

to extinguish; to obliterate; to efface; to be extinguished, to go out, to become extinct, to expire, to die out

verlöschend pr p

Mus: dying away, perdendosi

Verlust m (-e)

loss; damage; waste

Vermächtnis n (-se)

legacy, heritage; bequest; last wish; geistiges V. - intellectual heritage or legacy

vermahnen vr

to warn; to admonish; to exhort

Vermahnung  f

admonition; exhortation

vermauren vt

to wall in or up

vermehren vr

to increase, grow, enlarge; to multiply

vermeiden vi

to avoid, shun; to evade, elude; to escape (from)

vermengen vr

to mingle, blend; to mix (up); to confuse; to meddle (mit - with), to be or get mixed up (with)

vermenschlicht p p, adj

humanized

vermerken vr

to record; to note (down); to observe; to remark

vermessen vi, pp, adj

to measure; to survey; to make a mistake in measuring; (with gen, or inf. with zu) to presume, venture, dare (pp, adj) daring, bold, rash; arrogant

Vermessenheit f

boldness; daring, audacity; arrogance

vermindern vt

to diminish, decrease, lessen, reduce

vermindert  p p, adj

reduced, decreased; Mus: diminished; doppelt v. - double diminished

vermischen vr

to mix; to mingle; to blend (with); to adulterate; to (inter)breed)

vermissen vr

to miss, be missing; to fail to see; to regret

vermitteln  vr

to mediate; to intercede; to negotiate; to adjust; to ar­range, settle; to intervene; to convey, give; to impart

vermittelt pp, adj

mediated

Vermittlung f (-en)

mediation; mediacy; intercesion; intervention; arrangement; settlement

Vermittlungstheologie f

mediating theology

vermögen vi

to be able (to do), be capable of; to be in a position to; to have influ­ence over; to prevail (upon); to induce

Vermögen n (-)

fortune, wealth, property; ability; capacity, power; Phil (Kant): the faculty (of rules, thinking, concepts, principles, etc)

vermuten  vr

to assume, suppose, guess; to suspect; to gather; to conject; to expect

vermutlich  adj, adv

probable; presumable; presumably; probably; likely

Vermutung f (-en)

presumption; surmise; supposition; guess, idea, hunch; expectation; speculation

Vernachlässigung f (-en)

neglect; disregard; ignoring

vernehmen vi

to perceive; to become aware of; to hear; to interrogate; to understand

verneigen vr

to bow (down)

verneinen vr

to deny; to negate; to say no (to); to refute; to contradict

Verneinung f (-en)

denial; negation; rejection

Verneinungssatz m

negation (statement)

Verneinungswort n (-"er)

negative (word)

vernichten  vr

to destroy, demolish; to annihilate, exterminate, eradicate; to overthrow; to dash, shatter (hopes); to disappoint; to abolish

Vernichtung f (-en)

destruction; annihilation; extermination; abolition; extinction

Vernunft f

reason, (power of) judgment; intellect; understanding, discernment; common sense; die gesunde V. - common sense

Vernunftbegriff m

concept of reason (Kant)

Vernunftbeweis m (-e)

rational proof

Vernunftehe f

marriage of convenience

Vernunfterkenntnis f

conceptual knowledge (Kant)

Vernunfterkenntnis f

rational cognition; rational knowledge

Vernunftgebrauch m

use of reason

Vernunftgefühl n (-e)

rational sentiment

vernunftgeleitet adj

guided or governed by reason

Vernunftgesetz n (-e)

law of reason; ewiges V. - eternal law of reason

Vernunftglaube m

rationalism; rational belief or faith (Kant)

Vernunftgläubige m (-n)

rationalist

Vernunftheirat f

marriage of convenience

vernünftig  adj

reasonable; rational; logical; sensible, wise

vernünftigerweise adv

sensibly; etwas v. tun - have the (good) sense of doing  something

Vernünftigkeit f

sensibleness; reasonableness; rationality

Vernunftkritik f

rational criticism or critique

Vernünftler m (-)

sophist; casuist

vernunftmäßig adj

 rationally

Vernunftmensch m

rational person or being

Vernunftrecht n

law of reason

Vernunftreligion f

rational religion

Vernunftschluß m

inference of reason (Kant)

Vernunfttheologie f

rational theology

Vernunftwesen n

rational being; rational creature

vernunftwidrig adj

unreasonable; contrary to reason; illogical, irrational

Vernunftwissen n

rational knowledge

Vernunftzeitalter n

the age of reason; the age of enlightenment

veröden vr

to become deserted or desolate; to become depopulated

veröff. abr

Veröff. abr

veröffentlichen  vr

to announce; to publish; to publicize

Veröffentlichung f (-en)

(public) announcement; publication

verordnen vr

to order; to prescribe; to decree; to enact; to ordain; to establish; to institute

Verordnung f (-en)

ordinance; regulation; order

verpflichten  vr

to obligate, commit, bind to; to engage; to oblige

Verpflichtung f (-en)

obligation; commitment; duty; liability; indebtedness; V. eingehen - to enter into an obligation; V. erfüllen - fulfil or honor an obligation; moralische V. - moral duty or obligation

Verrat m

treason; treachery; betrayal (of); V. begehen - to betray

verraten vi

to betray; to reveal, disclose

Verräter m (-)

traitor; betrayer

verräterisch adj

treasonable, treacherous; traitorous; betraying, revealing (talk, etc.)

verrichten vr

to execute, carry out; to carry on; to do, to perform

Verrichten n

execution; performance

Verrichtung f (-en)

execution; performance; duty, chore, task, work

verringern vr

to diminish; lessen, reduce; to decrease

verrinnen vi

to run away, run off, drain away; to fly (time, etc.)

verrostet pp, adj

rusty, rusted

verrückt adj

crazy, mad, nuts

verrückun vr

to displace, to shift, to remove, to confuse, to unsettle, to disturb, to disarrange

Verruf m

jemand in V. bringen - to discredit someone, to bring someone into discredit; unser Gewerbe droht in V. zu geraten - our trade is in danger of losing its good name

Vers m (-e)

verse, line; stanza; strophe

Vers(s). abr

Versachlichung f

objectification; reification

versagen vr

to fall short; to fail; to deny, deprive of, refuse (justice, etc); to break down

Versagung f (-en)

refusal; denial; failure; brack-down

Versal m (-ien)

large capital initial letter

versammeln  vr

to assemble, gather, bring together; (refl) to meet, gather together, assemble

Versammlungsfreiheit f

freedom of assembly

Versammlungshalle f (-n)

congregation;  assembly, gathering; meeting; congress; convention; company meeting hall

Versammlungsrecht n

right of assembly

versäuern vr

to sour; to spoil; to embitter

versäumen vr

to neglect; to omit, to let slip; to miss

Versäumnis n (-se)

neglect, negligence; omission; default; absence; loss of time

Versbau m

versification

verschaffen  

to get, obtain; to secure to supply, provide (someone with something)

Verschanzung f (-en)

entrenchment; fortification

verscharren vt

to bury; to hide

verscheiden vi

to pass away, die; to expire

Verscheiden  

death; decrease

verschieben vi

to displace; to (re)move; to postpone; to defer; to shift

Verschiebung f (-en)

shifting (action); displacement; Mus: soft pedal; mit V. - una corda

verschied. abr

verschieden  vr

different(ly), various, diverse, varied; dissimilar; several

verschiedenartig  adj

different, various, diverse, dissimilar; varied

Verschlechterung f

deterioration; change for the worse

verschleiern vr, adj

to vail; to diguise, mask, obscure, cloak; to blur; (adj) vague; thick

verschleiert  p p, adj

veiled; covered up

Verschleierung f (-en)

disguise, obscuration; veiling; cover-up (of facts, etc)

verschließen vi

to close, shut; to be hidden; to lock (up); to obstruct

verschlingen vi

to gulp down, devour

verschlungen adj

intertwined; entangled; winding; tortuous; complex

Verschlüsseln n

encoding, encodement, encipherment

verschlüsselt p p, adj

(en)coded, code, (en)cypher, enciphered (text, etc); v. Text - enciphered, (en)coded, code, or cypher text; cryptogram

verschmachten vr

to languish; to faint; to die (vor - of)

verschmähen vr

to disdain, scorn, despise, spurn; to reject

Verschmelzung  f (-en)

 agglutination, contration (e.g. with adjectives)

verschnitten pp, adj

 castrated

Verschnittene m (-n)

eunuch

verschoben vi

syncopated

verschonen vr

to spare; to exempt (from)

verschönern vr

to embellish, adorn, beautify; to enhance; (refl) to become more beautiful; increase in beauty

Verschönerung f (-en)

beautification; adornment, embellishment; ornament

verschränken  vr

to interlace; to interlock

verschulden vr

to be guilty of; to be the cause of; to act wrongly (towards someone)

Verschulden  

fault; blame

Verschuldung f

indebtedness; iniquities

verschütten vr

to bury, fill up; to spill, pour out

verschüttet p p, adj

covered up; buried, trapped

verschwägern vr

to intermarry

verschweigen vi

to keep secret; to conceal (from); to suppress

verschwenden vr

to waste, squander; to throw away

verschwenderisch  adj

extravagant; unthrifty; wasteful; prodigal; lavish; extravagant

verschwinden vi

to disappear, vanish; to be lost; to pass away

verschwommen p p, adj

blurred, fuzzy; vague, indistinct; muddy, stuffy

verschwören  

to forswear; to renounce; (refl) to plot; to bind oneself by an oath

Verschwörung f (-en)

plot; conspiracy

versehen vi

to provide, supply; to invest (with); to affix; to attend to; to administer; to over look, neglect; to make a mistake, be in error

versengen vr

to singe; to scorch, sear; to parch

versenken vr

to meditate, to contemplate; to lower (cofin, etc.); to sink, submerge; (refl) to become engrossed or absorbed

Versenkung f

contemplation; meditation; sinking; depression; V. in Gott - immersion in God

versetzen  vr

to move, shift; to transpose; to transfer (nach, an, in, zu - to); to displace; to retort; to replant, transplant; (refl) sich in eine Lage v. - to imagine or put oneself in a place or situation

Versetzung f (-en)

transposition, transposal; transfer; promotion; reassignment; deviation; displacement

Versetzungszeichen n (-)

Mus: accidental; zufällige V. - (pl) accidentals (which are not includede in the key signature)

versichern  vr

to assure, declare, affirm; to assert; to insure

Versicherung f (-en)

insurance; guarantee; affirmation

versiegeln vr

to seal (up), to affix one's seal to

versinken vi

to sink; to be swallowed up; to founder; to go down (of ships)

Versinken n

sinking; foundering; immersion, submersion

versinnbildlichen vr

to symbolize; to represent

Versinnbildlichung f (-en)

symbolization; representation

versinnlicht p p, adj

sensualized; v. Geist - sensualized mind (Hegel)

Version f (-en)

version

Versklavung f

enslavement; servitude; fig: enslavement, enthral(l)ment

versöhnen vr

to reconcile, conciliate; to appease, placate; to re­store; to atone; (refl) to make one´s peace (with); to become reconciled

Versöhnung f (-en)

atonement; reconciliation, reconci­lement; appeasement

Versöhnungsbotschaft f (-en)

message of reconciliation

Versöhnungsbund m

covenant of grace

Versöhnungstag m

Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur

versorgen  

to provide, supply, to furnish (with), to provide for, to establish, to settle (in life), to take care of, to look after, to care for, to nurse, to maintain

Versorgung f

supply, support, maintenance, provision

verspotten vr

to ridicule; to scoff, mock or jeer at

versprechen vi

to promise, give one's word or make a promise of; (refl) to misspeak; to make a slip of the tongue; to promise to be or become engaged

Versprechen n (-)

promise; avowal; slip of the tongue

verspüren vr

to notice; to feel, perceive; to sense; to be conscious of

Verstand m

understanding; mind, intellect; intelligence; comprehension; judgment; sense; meaning

Verstandesbegriff m (-e)

intellectual concept, concept of (the) understanding, category (Kant)

Verstandesdenken n

intellectual reasoning

Verstandesform f (-en)

intellectual form

Verstandesgebrauch m

use of (the) intellect

Verstandeskategorie f (-n)

intellectual concept; category (of the understanding) (Kant)

Verstandeskraft f (-"e)

intellectual faculty, faculty of (the) understanding

verstandesmäßig adj, adv

intellectual(ly), rational(ly), according to reason

Verstandesmensch f (-en)

rational person; rationalist; intellectual; matter-of-fact person

Verstandesmetaphysik f

metaphysics of (the) intellect

Verstandeswelt f

intelligible world, world of the understanding (Kant)

Verstandeswissen n

intellectual knowledge

verständig adj

sensible; reasonable, rational, wise, prudent, cautious, judicious; intelligent

Verständigkeit f

reasonableness; understanding; considerateness

Verständigungsform f (-en)

form of understanding, form of establishing an agreement or consensus

verständlich  adj

comprehensible; understanda­ble; intelligible; distinct; clear; audible

Verständnis n

understanding, comprehension, supposition; sympathy; intelligence

verstärken vr

to reinforce, strengthen; to amplify; to double; to increase (pressure, doubt, etc); to emphasize, add to; to intensify; to thicken

Verstärkung f (-en)

reinforcement; fortification; amplification; increase; emphasis; gain

Versteck n (-e)

hiding place; ambush

verstecken vr

to hide, conceal

verstehen vi

to understand, comprehe­nd; to conceive, realize, grasp; to see; (v. refl.): to agree, understand one another

Verstehen n

understanding; verstehen; geschichtliches V. - historical understanding

verstehend pr p, adj

interpretative (explanation, methode, etc), of understanding, verstehen, or Verstehen

verstellen vr

to shift, to adjust; to obstruct, block; to disguise; to change; (refl) to pretend

Verstellung f

adjustment; regulation; shifting; disguise; pretense

verstimmen  vr

to send out of tune, to mistune; (refl) to get out of tune

verstimmt  p p, adj

out of tune, mistuned; disgruntled, annoyed; out of sorts; depressed

verstocken vr

to grow hard, obdurate, or impenitent

Verstocktheit f

impenitence; stubbornness; obstinacy

Verstockung f

hardening; blindness

Verstofflichung f

materialization

verstopfen vr

to plug up; to choke, clog; to block, obstruct

verstorben pp, adj

dead, deceased; (the) late

Verstorbene m (-n)

the deceased

verstören vr

to distress; to upset, to distract

verstört pp, adj

stricken, upset, distressed, distraught; sie waren ganz v. - they were very much afraid, they were so frightened

Verstoß m (-"e)

offence, violation; infringement; breach of (trust, etc); against ( the culture, etiquette, etc)

Verstrebung f (-en)

brace; strut

verstreuen vr

to scatter; to disperse; to strew about

verstreut p p, adj

scattered, isolated; spilled

verstricken vr

to entangle; in einer Sache v. sein - to be involved in an affair; in eine Sache v werden - to get mixed up or entangled in something; (refl) to get entangled; to be caught

verstümmeln vr

to mutilate, maim; to dismember; (refl) to mutilate oneself

verstummen vr

to become silent

Versuch m (-e)

experiment; attempt; endeav­or; test, trial

versuchen  vr

to try, attempt; to strive; to tempt, entice; to taste

Versucher m (-)

tempter; seducer; the devil

Versucherin f

sin; offense

Versuchung f (-en)

temptation; trial

versündigen  vr

to sin (an - against); to offend, do wrong

Versündigung f

sin; offense

vertauschen vr

to exchange; to mix up; to confuse; to change around; to interchange; to move

Vertauschung f

exchange; substitution; confusion; interchange

verteidigen vr

to defend; to justify; to vindicate; to uphold; to support; (refl) to stand up for one's rights; to defend, justify, or vindicate oneself

Verteidiger m (-)

defender

Verteidigung f (-en)

vindication; defense

Verteidigungsschrift m (-en)

apologia; written defence

verteilen  vr

to distribute; to spread; to divide; (refl) to scatter, disperse

Verteilung f (-en)

distribution; allocation

vertiefen  vr

to deepen; to extend; to (be) reinforce

vertieft  p p, adj

deepened; recessed, sunk; in meditation; v. sein - to be engrossed, absorbed, or immersed in; to be preoccupied with; v. Recht - vested right

Vertieftsein n

preoccupation; engrossment; immersion; absorption

Vertiefung f (-en)

absorption, engrossment; recess, alcove; sunken area, dip, depression

vertikal adj

vertical

Vertikale f (-n)

vertical; vertical line

Vertikalschnitt m (-e)

vertical section

vertilgen vr

to destroy; to annihilate, exterminate, blot out, extinguish, to consume

Vertilgung f

extermination; destruction

vertonen  vr

to set (a text to music), musicalize

Vertr. abr

Vertrag m (-"e)

treaty; contract; agreement; covenant; settlement; accord

vertragen vi

to bear, stand, endure; to suffer; to tolerate; to displace; (refl) to agree, harmonized; to be consistent

vertraglich adj, adv

contractual(ly); by contract

Vertrauen n

confidence; trust; reliance

vertrauen  vr

to trust, confide (in); to have confidence(in); to rely upon; to entrust; im V. - in faith/trust

Vertrauensbeweis m (-e)

mark or proof of trust or confidence

Vertrauensbruch m (-"e)

breach of trust, faith, or confidence

Vertrauenskrise f (-n)

crisis of confidence or trust

Vertrauensseligkeit f

blind faith; gullibility

vertraulich adj, adv

confidential(ly); intimate; familiar; in a familiar way

Vertraulichkeit f (-en)

confidentiality; confidence; intimacy; familiarity

vertraut  p p, adj

familiar (with), well acquainted (with); (well) versed in

Vertraute m (-n)

confident; close friend

Vertrautheit f

closeness; familiarity; intimacy

vertreiben vi

to drive away, to expel, to banish, to disperse, to scatter, to distribute, to sell, to retail (goods)

Vertreibung f (-en)

driving out or away, expulsion

vertreten vi

to represent; to replace; to justify; to intercede/plead for; to advocate

Vertreter m (-)

advocate; supporter; representative; agent; intercessor

Vertretung f

representation; substitution; intercession; advocacy; defense

vertrocknen vr

to dry up, wither

verüben vr

to commit; to perpetrate

verunreinigen vr

to contaminate; to dirty; to defile; to pollute

Verunreinigung f (-en)

contamination; pollution

verursachen vr

to cause, bring about; to result in; to give rise to, pro­voke, precipitate

Verursacher m (-)

creator, cause, or originator (of events, problems, etc)

Verursachung f

causation; cause

verurteilen  vr

to convict; to condemn; to sentence

Verurteilung f (-en)

conviction; sentencing; condemnation

vervielfachen vr

to multiply

vervielfältigen  vr

to duplicate

Vervielfältigung f (-en)

duplication; reproduction; multiplication

vervollständigen  

to complete, to replenish; to supplement; to improve

verwahren vr

to keep; to secure; to hold in custody; to preserve (from); to secure (against something); (refl) to take precautions (against); to resist

Verwahrlosung  f

 neglect; demoralization; degeneration

Verwalter  m (-)

manager; administrator; trustee; steward; custodian

Verwaltung  f (-en)

 management; administration; administrative authority; agency

verwandeln  vr

to change, alter, transform; to turn into, metamorphose; to transfigure; to convert

Verwandlung  f

 alteration; change; transfiguration; conversion; transformation; glorification; metamorphosis; transubstantiation; commutation (of a punishment)

verwandt  

related, akin (to); relative; cognate; similar; kindred; eng v. - closely related; entfernt v. - distantly related

Verwandte  m, f (-n)

 kin(swomen); kin(sman); kin(sfolk);relation

Verwandtschaft f (-en)

relationship; kinship; connection, relstion; congeniality; sympathy

verwandtschaftlich  adj

 relational; kindred; congenial

Verwandtschaftsbeziehung f (-en)

degree or relation of kinship; family relationship

Verwandtschaftsgrad m

degree of (family)relationship

Verwechslung f (-en)

mistake; confusion; mistaken identity; Mus: enharmonische V. - enharmonic change

verwegen  adj

 bold, daring, audacious; rash; heady

Verwegenheit f

boldness

verwehen  vr

 to blow away or about; to scatter; to be scattered

verwehren  vr

 to refuse (someone something); to forbid (someone something); to keep (someone) from doing (something)

verweigern  vr

to deny, to refuse; to decline; to forbid; to keep from

verweilen  vi

 to stay, to linger

Verweis m (-e)

reference; rebuke, reprove

verweisen vi

to rebuke; to reprove; to banish, expel; to refer to; to relegate to; auf etwas v. - to refer to

Verweisungsbezug m (-"e)

referential relation

Verweisungszeichen n (-)

mark of reference

Verweisungszusammenhang m (-"e)

context or connection of reference

verwelken  vr

 to fade, wither, wilt

verweltlichen  vr

 to secularize; to become worldly

Verweltlichung  f

 secularization

verwenden vi, regl

to apply to; to employ, use; to utilize, put to good use; to spend, expend, appropriate; sich v. für - to intercede, intervene; to use one´s influence (on, for)

Verwendung f (-en)

use; usage; application; intercession; employment

Verwendungstheorie der Bedeutung f

use-theory of meaning

verwerfen vi

to reject; to dismiss; to refuse; to condemn; to repudiate; to miss (the mark)

verwerflich  adj

 objectionable; reprehensible; thoroughly bad

Verwerfung  f (-en)

condemnation; rejection, refutation; refusal; denial; censure; repudiation

verwerten  vr

 to utilize, use, make use of

verwesen  vt

 to putrefy, decompose, decay, rot; to administer, manage

verweslich  adj

 perishable; corruptible; liable to decay

Verwesung  f

 decay, decomposition; putrefaction; management, administration

verwinden vi

to get over

Verwindung f

overcoming, transformation

verwirklichen  vr

to accomplish, realize, materialize; to come true; to fulfil; to put into effect; to turn into a reality

Verwirklichung f (-en)

fulfillment; realization; materialization; actualization (Hegel)

verwirren vr

to confuse; to bewilder; to mix up, disarrange; to compli­cate; to perplex; to entangle

Verwitterung f (-en)

weathering; decomposition; efflorescence

verwöhnen  vr

 to spoil, pamper, (refl) to (over) indulge oneself; to allow oneself to be pampered

verworren p, adj

confused; indistinct

verwunden  vr

 to wound, injure, hurt

verwunderlich  adj

 odd, strange; astonishing; amazing

verwundern  vr

 to surprise; to astonish; (refl) to be astonished, surprised, wonder 

Verwünschung  f (-en)

 spell, enchantment, curse; malediction; hex, bedevilment, bewitchment

verwurzelt adj

rooted in; committed to

Verwurzelung  f (-en)

 rootedness

verwüsten vr

 to lay waste; to devastate, ruin, destroy

Verwüster  m (-)

 devastator; destroyer; marauder; robber

Verwüstung f (-en)

destruction, devastation, ravages (war, etc); desertification

verz. abr

Verz. abr

Verzeichnis - index

verzagen  

 to despair, to lose heart or courage; be despondent

verzehnten  vr

 to pay tithe (on)

verzehren  vr

 to consume, eat up; to use up, to waste; to spend; )refl) to be consumed (vor - with); to fret; to waste away

verzehrend  pp, adj

 (all-) consuming, burning (passion)

Verzeichnis n (-use)

index

verzeihen vi

to excuse; to forgive, pardon; to remit (sin); to pass over

Verzeihung  f

 forgiveness; pardon; remission of sins

Verzeitlichung f

temporalization

verzerren  vr

to distort, contort; to misrepresent; to twist, give a distorted picture; to parody, caricature

Verzerrung f (-en)

distortion, contortion; misrepresentation; caricature; parody

verzichten  vr

to abstain (auf - from); to do without; to relinquish; to renounce; to disclaim; to waive

Verziehen n

warping; delay; distortion, distorting

verzieren  vr

to decorate; to embellish; to ganish; to grace

verziert  p p, adj

decorated; embellished; garnished; graced

Verzierung f (-en)

ornamentation; decoration; embellishment, beautification; garnishment; adornment; erhabene V. - relief decoration; ausgelegte V. - filled decoration; (ein)gestochen or gestichelte V. - punctured decoration

Verzierungsmuster m (-)

pattern design

Verzierungszeichen n (-)

ornament sign

verzögern vr

to delay, to defer; to procrastinate, retard; to protract

Verzögerung f (-en)

delay; procrastination, retardation; protraction; lag (of time, etc); Mus: retardation

verzücken vr

to ecstasize, enrapture

Verzückung f

trance; exultation; rapture, ecstasy; ravishment

Verzug  m

 delay; postponement

verzweifeln  vr

to despair; to give up hope; to despond; to be despondent

verzweifelt  pp, adj

 despairing, völlig v. - in the depths of despair; desperate; despondent

Verzweiflung  f

 desperation, despair; despondency, despondence

Verzweiflungstat f (-en)

dispersal act; act of despair

Verzweigung f (-en)

branching; intersection; bifurcation

Vesper f (-n)

vespers, evening service; evensong

Vesperbild n (-er)

Vesperbild; pieta

Vespergesang  m

 evensong

Vesperglocke  f (-n)

 vesper bell

Vesperläuten

Vesperstunde  f

 evening time; vespers

Vesperzeit  f

  evening time; vespers

Vestalin f (-nen)

vestal virgin

Vetter  m (-n)

 (male) cousin

v.f. abr

Vf. abr

Vfg. abr

Vg. abr

vg. abr

vgl. abr

vergleiche - cp, compare

vgl.a. abr

vgl.d. abr

vgl.o. abr

vgl.u. abr

vgu.u. abr

Vhw. abr

vi. abr

Vibrato n (-ti)

vibrato

vibrieren  

to vibrat; nicht V. - no or without vibrato; white tone

vibrierend pr p

vibrant

vid. abr

Vieh  n

 cattle, livestock; beast

viehisch  adj

 brutal; bestial

viel adj

much; many; a lot (of), a great deal (of)

viele  adj

 many

vielerlei  adj

 manifold, various, of many kinds

vielfach adj, adv

manifold, multiple; complex; often, in many cases, widely; many times

Vielfalt f

variety, diversity; plurality; multiplicity

vielfarbig  adj

multicolord; polychrome

Vielgeisterei f

multi-spiritedness (Nietzsche)

vielgestaltig adj

diversified or varied in form or shape; polymorphic; v. sein - to have many different forms, be varied in form

Vielgötterei  f

 polytheism

Vielklang m

chord; harmony

viell. abr

vielleicht  adv

perhaps, possibly, maybe

vielmehr  adv, conj

rather; much more; on the contrary

vielsaitig  

many or multi-stringed; with several strings

vielschichtig  adj

multi-leveled or layered

Vielseitigkeit f

versatility, versatileness

vielstimmig  adj

many or multi-stringed; with several strings

vielthemig  aqj

multi-thematic; polythematic

vier  adj

 four

Vierachteltakt m

four-eight time/meter

viereckig  adj

 square; rectangular, quadrangular

Vierertakt m

four-four time/meter, common time, quadruple time/meter

vierfältig  adj

 fourfold; quadruple

Vierfürst  m

 tetrarch

vierfüßig  adj, 

 fourth; das vierte Gebot - the fourth commandment

Vierhalbetakt m

four-two time/meter

vierhändig  adj

for four hands, four-handed, for piano duet; für Klavier - for piano duet

Vierklang m

chord of four notes/tones

vierstimmig  adj

four-part, a 4

vierte num, adj

fourth

Viertelnote f

quarter note, crotchet

Viertelpause f

quarter-note rest, crotchet rest

Viertelton m

quarter tone

Viervierteltakt m

four-four time/meter

vierzehn  adj

 fourteen

Vierzehnheiligen  

the Fourteen Auxiliary Saints, the Fourteen Holy Helpers

vierzehnt  adj

 fourteenth

VigChr abbr

Vigiliae Christianae. Review of Early Christian Life and Language. Amsterdam

Vigil f (-ien)

vigil; day or eve of a  church feast or festival

Vigile  f (-n)

 vigil, day or eve (of a church feast) or festival

Vikar m (-e)

vicar; chaplain

Villa f (-llen)

villa

VIMW abbr

Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Missionswissenschaft der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westfalen. Münster.

Viola f (-len)

viola; alto

Viole f (-n)

viol

Violine f (-n)

violin; stumme V. - mute violin

Violinkonzert n (-e)

violin concerto

Violinschlüssel m (-)

violin clef, treble clef, G clef

Violinvirtuose m (-n)

violin virtuoso, virtuoso

Violinvirtuosin f (-nnen)

violin virtuoso, virtuoso

Violocello n (-li)

cello, violoncello

vir desideriorum

Lat: man of desires

virtuell adj

vietual

virtuos  adj, adv

Mus: virtuose, virtuoso, virtuosic, masterly, in a virtuoso

Virtuose m (-n)

virtuoso

Virtuosität f

virtuosity

visio Dei

Lat: the vision of God; v. beatifica - beatific vision

Vision  f (-en)

 dream, vision

visionär  adj

 visionary; utopian

Visitatio f

the Visitation

vita aeterna

Lat: eternal life

Vitalseele f

vital soul

Vitrine f (-n)

display case

viva vox

Lat: the spoken or living word; v. Vox Dei - the living Word of God

vj. abr

Vj. abr

Vjh. abr

Vjschr. abr

VKCLK abbr

Veröffentlichungen der Kommission zur Herausgabe des Corpus der lateinischen Kirchenväter. Wien

Vkde. abr

VKEGR abbr

Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Erforschung der Geschichte der Reformation und Gegenreformation. München

VKZG abbr

Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Zeitgeschichte bei der katholischen Akademie in Bayern. München

vl. abr

vlämisch  

Flemish

vlg. abr

vlgt. abr

v.l.n.r. abr

Vm. abr

VMÖ abbr

Veröffentlichungen zu Mission und Ökumene. München

v.o. abr

Voc. abr

vocatio

Lat: calling; v. realis - real calling; v. efficax - effectual calling

Vogel  m (-")

 bird

Vogeldeuterei  f

 augury

Vogelperspektive f (-n)

aerial view; bird's-eye view

Vogt  m (-"e)

 governor; administrator; steward; overseer; foreman; taskmaster; mayor (of village)

Vok. abr

Vokabular  n (-e)

 vocabulary

Vokal m (-e)

vowel; nach einem V. - postvocalic

vokal  adj

vocal

Vokalanlaut  m

 initial vowel

Vokalauslaut  m

 final vowel; mit V. - ending in a vowel

vokalbildend  pr p, adj

vowel-forming

Vokalbildung f

vowel formation

Vokalinlaut  m

 medial vowel

Vokalise f

vocalize, vocalization

vokalisieren vr

to vocalize; to sol-fa, vacalize

Vokalmusik f

vocal music

Vokalsatz m (-"e)

vocal setting; vocal writing

Vol. abr

Volk n (-"er)

people; nation; tribe; race; men; the common people, the crowd

völkerk. abr

Völkerkunde f

ethnology

Völkermord m

genocide

Völkerrecht n

international law; law of nations

Völkerwanderung f (-en)

Migration of people; the migration of an entire people or nation

völkisch adj

folksy (used for cultic milieu); racial

Volks-  pref

folk, popular

Volksausgabe f (-n)

popular edition

Volksbuch  m (-"er)

 popular prose romance; chapbook

Volkserhebung f (-en)

national uprising

Volksetymologie f

folk or popular etymology

Volksgeist m

volksgeist; national spirit; spirit of the people

Volksgemeinschaft f (-en)

community of one people; folk community; national community; faith-based community

Volksglaube  m

 popular belief

Volksgruppe f (-n)

ethnic group

Volksinstrument n (-e)

folk instrument; popular instrument

Volkskultur f

popular culture

Volkskunde f

folklore

Volkskunst f

folk art; peasant art

Volkslied n (-er)

folk-song; folk-tune; popular song; national song; geistliches V. - ecclesiastical folk-song; spiritual

volksliedhaft  adj

in folk-song style

Volksliedsammler m (-)

collector of folk-songs

Volksliedsammlung f (-en)

collection of folk-songs, folk-song collection

Volksmeinung  f

 popular or public opinion

Volksmelodie f (-n)

folk-melody, folk-tune

Volksmenge  f

 crowd (of people); the people

Volksmetaphysik f

folk or popular metaphysics

Volksmission  f

 lay mission

Volksmund  m

 vernacular

Volksmusik f

folk-music; popular music; idiom

Volksreligion f (-en)

folk religion

Volkssänger m (-)

folk singer

volksseek  f

 soul of the people

Volksseele f

soul of the nation; poeple`s soul

Volkssprache  f

 vernacular (language); ordinary or everyday language; familiar speech

volkssprachlich  adj

 popular; vernacular; familiar, ordinary; v. Dichtung - vernacular poetry; v. Bezeichnung - popular name or vernacular

Volksstamm m (-"e)

tribe

Volksstimme  f

 public opinion

Volksstück n (-e)

folk play; folk drama

Volkssturm m

home guard (of the Nazi party)

volkst. abr

Volkstrauertag  m

 day of national mourning

Volkstum n

nationality, national characteristics

volkstümlich  

folk-like, in folk(-song) style

Volksverführer m (-)

demagogue

Volksversammlung  f (-en)

 public gathering; public meeting or assembly; national or people`s assembly

Volksweise f (-")

folk-tune, folk-melody

Volkswille m

will of the people; popular will

Volkszählung  f

 census

voll. abr

voll  adj

entire, complete(ly), whole; full (of); fully

vollbringen  vi

to carry out;  accomplish, achieve; to execute; to fulfill; to complete, to consummate; to perpetrate; es ist vollbracht - it is finished

vollenden  vr

 to bring to a close, finish; to complete; to terminate; to achieve, accomplish, to consummate; to perfect; to die

Vollender  m

 finisher, completer, perfecter

vollendet  pp, adj

 completed; accomplished; perfect, utter, absolute, downright

vollends  adv

 entirely, completely, altogether

Vollendung f

finishing, completion; perfection; accomplishment; zue V. bringen - to make perfect

vollentwickelt adj

fully developed

Völlerei  f

 intemperance; gluttony

vollführen  vr

 to carry out, execute

vollgültig  adj

 fully valid

Vollheit  f

 fullness

völlig adj, adv

full; total; entire; com­plete, absolute; thorough; utterly; quite

vollinhalfeich adj, adv

 full; in full

vollkommen  adj

perfect; complete; accomp­lished; entire; finished

Vollkommenheit f

perfection

Vollkommenheitsethic f

ethics of perfection

Vollkommenheitsgrad m (-e)

degree of perfection

Vollkommenheitsideal n (-e)

ideal of perfection; model of perfection

Vollmacht  f (-en)

 authority; full power; mandate

vollschematisch adj

full or complete schematic (representation, etc)

vollst. abr

vollständig adj, adv

complete(ly); full(y); totally); entire; whole; downright (wrong, etc); v. Gut - complete good (Kant); v. recht - quite, absolutely, or perfectly right

Vollständigkeit f

completeness; completion; integrity

vollstimmig  adj

full-voiced

vollstrecken  vr

 to enforce; to execute

Vollstreckung f (-en)

execution; enforcement

Vollsubstanz f

total substance

volltaktig  adj

down-beat

volltönend pr p, adj

sonorous

Vollversammlung f (-en)

general or plenary assembly

vollziehen vi

to execute, carry out; (v. refl.) to come to pass, take place

Vollzug  m (-"e)

 execution, enforcement; performance; completion; V. des Seins - completion, enactment, or realization of Being (Heidegger)

voluntas

Lat: will; v. decernens - deciding or decisive will; v. Dei - the will of God; v. effectiva - effective will; v. libera - the free will; v. necessaria sive naturalis - the natural or necessary will; v. revelata Dei - the revealed will of God

von  prep dat

from; of; upon; concerning; in; on; v. nun an - henceforth

voneinander  adv

 from each other, one from another

v.o.n.u. abr

Voodoo m

voodoo

vor  prep dat, acc, adv, sep pref

1. (prep) in front of; before (time); in presence of; on account of; for; because of; above; more than; 2. (adv) nach wie v. - as ever or always, now as before; 3. (sep pref) before; adead of; formerly; v. drei Jahren - three years ago; v. Gott - in the presence of God, in the eyes of God

Vor.-E. abr

Vorabdruck m (-"e)

preprint

Vorabend m

eve, night or evening before

Vorahnung f (-en)

presentiment, foreboding, hunch, premonition

vorangehen  vi sep

 to go before, precede; to take the lead, lead the way

vorankommen vi sep

to progress, be progressing; to make headway; to advance

vorarchaisch  adj

prearchaic

voraus  adv

ahead (of); im v. - before(hand), in advance

vorausbestimmen  vr

 to predestine; to predict, foretell; to determine beforehand

Vorausbestimmung  f (-en)

 predestination; advance or predetermination; prediction

vorausdafieren  vr sep

 to postdate, date ahead

Vorausdatierung  f (-en)

 postdate, the dating ahead

vorausdenken vi sep

to think ahead

vorausdenkend pr p, adj

foresighted

vorausdeutend pr p, adj

anticipatory

vorausgehen vi sep

to go before; to precede; to lead the way; to go or walk ahead (of)

vorausgehend pr p, adj

previous, prior

voraushaben  vi sep

 to have an advantage over (someone) 

vorauslaufen vi sep

 to run on ahead, run in front

Vorausnahme f

anticipation

vorausnehmen vi sep

to anticipate

vorausnehmend pr p, adj

anticipatory

voraussagbar adj

predictable

Voraussage  f (-n)

 prediction; prognostication; forecast; prophesy

voraussagen  vr sep

 to foretell, tell ahead of time; to predict, prophesy

voraussagend pr p, adj

predictive

vorausschlagen vi sep

to beat in advance

voraussehen  vi sep

 to foresee; to anticipate; to expect

voraussenden  vi sep

 to send someone (on ahead)

voraussetzen vr sep

to (pre)suppose, presume; to take for granted; to require; voraus­gesetzt - provided (that)

Voraussetzung f (-en)

prerequisite; qualification; requirement; premise; assumption; presupposi­tion; condition; unter der V. - on the condition (that)

Voraussicht f (-en)

foresight; aller V. nach - in all probability; göttliche V. - divine foresight; in der V., daß - anticipating or foreseeing that

Vorauswissen n

foreknowledge, precognition

Vorbedingung f (-en)

(pre)condition; prerequisite, stipulation

Vorbegriff m (-e)

preliminary or inchoate concept or notion

vorbegrifflich adj

preconceptual

vorbehalflos  adj, adv

 unconditional, unreserved, outright; without reservation

Vorbehalt   m (-e)

 reserve; reservation; proviso; exception; innerer V. - mental reservation

vorbehalten  vi sep, pp, adj

 to hold or keep in reserve, withhold; to reserve (to); to make reservations; (adj) reserved

vorbeigehen  vi sep

 to go or pass by, to go past, to pass (someone); daran v. - to overlook or ignore it

vorbeikommen  vi sep

 to pass or stop by, drop in; to get through

vorbel  adv

 over, gone; past, by

Vorbem. abr

vorbereiten vr sep

to prepare (for), provide; (refl) to prepare (auf, für - for)

vorbereitend pr p, adj

preparatory, preparative, preliminary; v. Mensch - preparatory man (Nietzsche)

Vorbereitung f (-en)

preparation

vorbeten  

 to lead in prayer

Vorbeter  m (-)

 cantor, prayer leader

Vorbild n (-er)

example; modal; model; ideal; prototype; pattern; original; standard

vorbilden  vr sep

 to prepare, to train (zu - for)l to compare; to typify

vorbildlich  adj, adv

exemplary; model

vorbringen  vi sep

 to bring forward or up, produce; to propose; to make excuses; to allege; to state, utter, express

vorbürgerlich adj

pre-bourgeois; pre-civil (condition, etc)

vorchristlich  adj

pre-Christian; before Christ

vordatieren  vr sep

 to foredate, antidate

Vordenker m (-)

intellectual pioneer, forerunner

Vorderansicht f (-en)

front view

Vorderasien  n